Another problem that affects industrial loads is voltage imbalance. The direct impact of this effect on the working life and characteristics of an electric motor is defined in standards such as NEMA Motors and Generators Standard 1 (MG-1). For example, if the voltage imbalance was 3 percent, the motor loading should be derated to 90 percent of its rated load. Excess loading reduces motor life significantly and causes the unit to operate with lower efficiency and, in extreme cases, can cause motors to overheat and burn their windings.