Oil and Gas Handbook

Oil and Gas Production Handbook

Close

Table of contents

Preface
1 Introduction
2 Facilities and Processes
2.1 Exploration
2.2 Production
2.2.1 Onshore 2.2.2 Offshore
2.3 Upstream Process Sections
2.3.1 Wellheads 2.3.2 Manifolds and Gathering 2.3.3 Separation 2.3.4 Metering, Storage and Export 2.3.5 Utility Systems
2.4 Midstream
2.4.1 Gas Plants 2.4.2 Gas Compression 2.4.3 Pipelines 2.4.4 LNG Liquefaction and Regasification Facilities
2.5 Refining
2.6 Petrochemical
3 Reservoir and Wellheads
3.1 Crude Oil and Natural Gas
3.1.1 Crude Oil 3.1.2 Natural gas 3.1.3 Condensates
3.2 The Reservoir
3.3 Exploration and Drilling
3.4 The Well
3.4.1 Well Casing 3.4.2 Completion
3.5 The Wellhead
3.5.1 Subsea wells 3.5.2 Injection
3.6 Artificial Lift
3.6.1 Rod pumps 3.6.2 ESP 3.6.3 Gas lift 3.6.4 Plunger lift
3.7 Well Workover, Intervention and Stimulation
4 The Upstream Oil and Gas Process
4.1 Manifolds and Gathering
4.1.1 Pipelines and Risers 4.1.2 Production, Test and Injection Manifolds
4.2 Separation
4.2.1 Test Separators and Well Test 4.2.2 Production Separators 4.2.3 Second Stage Separator 4.2.4 Third Stage Separator 4.2.5 Coalescer 4.2.6 Electrostatic Desalter 4.2.7 Water Treatment
4.3 Gas Treatment and Compression
4.3.1 Heat Exchangers 4.3.2 Scrubbers and Reboilers 4.3.3 Compressors, Anti-Surge and Performance
4.4 Oil and Gas Storage, Metering and Export
4.4.1 Fiscal Metering 4.4.2 Storage 4.4.3 Marine Loading
5 Midstream Facilities
5.1 Gathering
5.2 Gas Plants
5.2.1 Gas Composition
5.3 Gas Processing
5.3.1 Acid Gas Removal 5.3.2 Dehydration 5.3.3 Mercury Removal 5.3.4 Nitrogen Rejection 5.3.5 NGL Recovery and Treatment 5.3.6 Sales Gas Specifications
5.4 Pipedivnes
5.4.1 Pipeline Terminal 5.4.2 Gas Pipelines, Compressor and Valve Stations 5.4.3 Liquid Pipelines, Pump and Valve Stations 5.4.4 Pipeline Management, Control and Safety
5.5 LNG
5.5.1 LNG Liquefaction 5.5.2 Storage, Transport and Regasification
6 Refining
6.1 Fractional Distillation
6.2 Basic Products
6.3 Upgrading and Advanced Processes
6.4 Blending and Distribution
7 Petrochemical
7.1 Aromatics
7.1.1 Xylene and Polyester Chain 7.1.2 Toluene, Benzene, Polyurethane and Phenolic Chain 7.1.3 Benzene and Styrenic Chain, Derivatives
7.2 Olefins
7.2.1 Ethylene, Derivatives 7.2.2 Propylene, Derivatives 7.2.3 Butadiene, Butylenes, and Pygas, Derivatives
7.3 Synthesis Gas (Syngas)
7.3.1 Methanol Based Products 7.3.2 Ammonia Based Products
8 Utility Systems
8.1 Process Control Systems
8.1.1 Safety Systems and Functional Safety 8.1.2 Emergency Shutdown and Process Shutdown 8.1.3 Fire and Gas System 8.1.4 Control and Safety Configuration 8.1.5 Telemetry/SCADA
8.2 Digital Oilfield
8.2.1 Reservoir Management and Drilling Operations 8.2.2 Production Optimization 8.2.3 Asset Optimization and Maintenance Support 8.2.4 Information Management Systems (IMS) 8.2.5 Training Simulators
8.3 Power Generation, Distribution and Drives
8.4 Flare and Atmospheric Ventilation
8.5 Instrument Air
8.6 HVAC
8.7 Water Systems
8.7.1 Potable Water 8.7.2 Seawater 8.7.3 Ballast Water
8.8 Chemicals and Additives
8.9 Telecom
9 Unconventional and Conventional Resources and Environmental Effects
9.1 Unconventional Sources of Oil and Gas
9.1.1 Extra Heavy Crude 9.1.2 Tar Sands 9.1.3 Oil Shale 9.1.4 Shale Gas and Coal Bed Methane 9.1.5 Coal, Gas to Liquids and Synthetic Fuel 9.1.6 Methane Hydrates 9.1.7 Biofuels 9.1.8 Hydrogen
9.2 Emissions and Environmental Effects
9.2.1 Indigenous Emissions 9.2.2 Greenhouse Emissions 9.2.3 Carbon Capture and Sequestration
Appendix
A1 Units
A2 Glossary of Terms and Acronyms
A3 References

Preface

Download the pdf version

This handbook has been compiled for readers with an interest in the oil and gas industry. It is an overview of the main processes and equipment. When we searched for a suitable introduction to be used for new engineers, I discovered that much of the equipment is described in standards, equipment manuals and project documentation. Little material was found to quickly give the reader an overview of the entire oil and gas industry, while still preserving enough detail to let the engineer have an appreciation of the main characteristics and design issues.

I have had many requests that downstream processes be included, and have restructured the book into Upstream, Midstream, Refining and Petrochemical, adding basic information on these facilities. The main focus of the book is still the upstream production process.

This book is by no means a complete description on the detailed design of any part of this process, and many details have been omitted in order to summarize a vast subject.

The material has been compiled from various online resources, as well as ABB and customer documents. I am grateful to my colleagues in the industry for providing their valuable input and comments. I have included many photos to give you, the reader, an impression of what typical facilities or equipment look like. Non-ABB photo sources are given below pictures; other pictures and illustrations are copyrighted by ABB.

Edition 3.1 Oslo, August 2016
Håvard Devold

©2006–2017 ABB Oil and Gas

Except as otherwise indicated, all materials, including but not limited to design, text, graphics, other files, and the selection and arrangement thereof, are the copyright property of ABB, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. You may electronically copy and print a hard-copy of this document only for non-commercial or personal use, within the organization that employs you, provided that the materials are not modified and all copyright or proprietary notices are retained. Use of photos and graphics and references from other sources in no way promotes or endorses these products and services and is for illustration only. Pictures credited to Wikipedia are licensed under GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) or Public Domain (PD) and are published here with the same license. Originals and full information can be found on www.wikimedia.org.

  • Contact us

    Submit your inquiry and we will contact you

    Contact us
Select region / language